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ABSTRACT Purpose: Dry eye disease is a multifactorial disease that is very common in clinical ophthalmic practice. The use of validated dry eye questionnaires makes it possible to screen this disease in the general population and assess the prevalence of symptoms and frequency of diagnosis, allowing early and appropriate treatment for this condition. The 5-Item Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ-5) is a tool that is used to assess the frequency and intensity of ocular discomfort and dryness and the frequency of tearing, which has already been validated in English and Spanish, but not in Portuguese. The aim of this study is to translate and validate the DEQ-5 to Portuguese. Methods: The DEQ-5 was used, consisting of five simple and direct questions: two questions for ocular discomfort, two for ocular dryness, and one for tearing. The initial translation of the English version of the questionnaire into Portuguese was conducted by two Portuguese native-speaking translators, followed by an evaluation and compilation of a single version by an interdisciplinary committee of the translated versions. Furthermore, this version was translated back into English by two individuals whose first language was English, followed by the evaluation and comparison with the original version in English by the same interdisciplinary committee. Afterwards, the final version of the questionnaire was administered to 31 volunteers at two different times. Results: The interobserver reliability of the five questions ranged from 0.584-0.813, and the Pearson correlation from 0.755-0.935, with a p-value of <0.0001. Internal consistency was α=0.887. All questions had moderate to high agreement. Conclusions: The statistical analysis of the collected data found excellent concordance rates (moderate to high for all analyzed questions), allowing the use of the Portuguese version of DEQ-5 in research as a screening test for dry eye disease and tool used to monitor the symptoms.
RESUMO Ojetivos: O olho seco é uma doença multifatorial, muito comum na prática clínica oftalmológica. A utilização de questionários validados de sintomas de olho seco permite rastrear de maneira mais objetiva essa doença na população geral, avaliar a prevalência dos sintomas e frequência de diagnóstico, permitindo o tratamento precoce e adequado dessa condição. O 5-Item Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ-5) é um questionário em inglês que avalia a frequência e a intensidade do desconforto e ressecamento ocular e a frequência do lacrimejamento, já validado no inglês e espanhol, porém não no português até o presente momento. O objetivo deste estudo foi traduzir e validar o questionário DEQ-5 para a língua portuguesa. Métodos: Foi utilizado o questionário DEQ-5, composto por 5 perguntas simples e diretas - 2 relacionadas ao desconforto ocular, 2 ao ressecamento ocular e 1 ao lacrimejamento. Foi realizada a tradução inicial da versão em inglês para o português por dois tradutores de língua materna portuguesa, seguido de uma avaliação e compilação de uma versão única por um comitê interdisciplinar das versões traduzidas. Em seguida, tal versão foi traduzida de volta para o inglês por 2 indivíduos que possuíam o inglês como primeira língua, seguido de avaliação e comparação com a versão original em língua inglesa pelo mesmo comitê interdisciplinar. Após, a versão final do questionário foi aplicada em 31 voluntários em dois momentos differentes. Resultados: A confiabilidade interobservador das 5 perguntas variou de 0,584-0,813 e a correlação de Pearson de 0.755-0.935, sendo o p-valor <0,0001 em todas elas. A consistência interna foi α=0,887. Todas as perguntas apresentaram concordância de moderada a alta. Conclusões: A análise estatística dos dados coletados encontrou ótimos índices de concordância - moderada a alta para todas as questões analisadas -, permitindo o uso do DEQ-5 na língua portuguesa em pesquisas e também como forma de triagem para doença de olho seco e acompanhamento dos sintomas.
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ABSTRACT Objective: The current study aimed to translate the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) into Brazilian Portuguese and analyze the reliability of the translated version for a population of Brazilian infants. Methods: This was a methodological study, approved by the Ethics Committee, carried out between June 2020 and May 2021. HINE is a standardized clinical neurological examination used for the early detection of cerebral palsy. The quantitative section, "neurological examination", contains 26 items scored from 0 to 3 points, divided into five categories: cranial nerve function, posture, movements, muscle tone and reflexes, and reactions. The HINE translation followed four steps: translation, synthesis, back-translation, and evaluation by an expert committee. To verify the reliability of the HINE-Br (Portuguese-Brazil version) two independent examiners evaluated 43 infants, between 3 and 22 months of age. Internal consistency was verified by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and interrater reliability by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: The translated version was similar to the original version and a few semantic and idiomatic adjustments were necessary. Appropriate internal consistency (Alpha=0.91) was found for the 26 items of the HINE-Br, as well as strong interrater reliability for the total score (ICC2.1=0.95), and also for the five categories (ICC2.1=0.83-0.95). Conclusions: The HINE-Br presents adequate rates of internal consistency and interrater reliability, and can be used for the evaluation of children at risk for cerebral palsy, between 3 and 24 months of age, by pediatricians and pediatric physical therapists.
RESUMO Objetivo: Traduzir o Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) para o português brasileiro e analisar a confiabilidade da versão traduzida em lactentes brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo metodológico, aprovado por Comitê de Ética, realizado entre junho de 2020 e maio de 2021. O HINE é um exame clínico neurológico padronizado, utilizado para detecção precoce de paralisia cerebral. A seção quantitativa, "exame neurológico", contém 26 itens pontuados de 0 a 3, divididos em 5 categorias: função dos nervos cranianos; postura; movimentos; tônus muscular e reflexos; e reações. A tradução do HINE seguiu quatro etapas: tradução; síntese; retrotradução; e avaliação por um comitê de especialistas. Dois examinadores independentes avaliaram 43 lactentes, entre 3 e 22 meses, utilizando a versão HINE-Br (versão em português brasileiro), para verificar sua confiabilidade. A consistência interna foi verificada pelo coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach e a confiabilidade interexaminadores pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI). Resultados: A versão traduzida foi semelhante à versão original e poucos ajustes semânticos e idiomáticos foram necessários. Encontrou-se consistência interna adequada (Apha=0,91) para os 26 itens do HINE-Br, bem como forte confiabilidade interexaminadores para o escore total (CCI2,1=0,95) e também para as cinco categorias (CCI2,1=0,83-0,95). Conclusões: O HINE-Br apresenta índices adequados de consistência interna e confiabilidade interexaminadores, podendo ser utilizada para avaliação de crianças com risco de apresentar paralisia cerebral, entre 3 e 24 meses de idade, por pediatras e fisioterapeutas infantis.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common condition, and the Menstrual Bleeding Questionnaire (MBQ) is used for its assessment. OBJECTIVES: To translate, assess the cut-off point for diagnosis, and explore psychometric properties of the MBQ for use in Brazilian Portuguese. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective cohort study including 200 women (100 with and 100 without AUB) at a tertiary referral center. METHODS: MBQ translation involved a pilot-testing phase, instrument adjustment, data collection, and back-translation. Cut-off point was obtained using receiver operating curve analysis. Menstrual patterns, impact on quality of life due to AUB, internal consistency, test-retest, responsiveness, and discriminant validity were assessed. For construct validity, the Pictorial Blood Assessment Chart (PBAC) and World Health Organization Quality of Life - abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF) were applied. RESULTS: Women with AUB were older, had higher body mass indices, and had a worse quality of life during menstruation. Regarding the MBQ's psychometric variables, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was > 0.70 in all analyses, high intraclass correlation coefficient was found in both groups; no ceiling and floor effects were observed, and construct validity was demonstrated (correlation between MBQ score, PBAC score, and clinical menstrual cycle data). No difference between MBQ and PBAC scores were perceived after the test-retest. Significant differences were found between MBQ and PBAC scores before and after treatment. An MBQ score ≥ 24 was associated with a high probability of AUB; accuracy of 98%. CONCLUSION: The MBQ is a reliable questionnaire for Brazilian women. The cut-off ≥ 24 shows high accuracy to discriminate AUB.
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Abstract Introduction Tinnitus is a prevalent condition among many different populations. Since tinnitus is subjective, self-report questionnaires are one way of assessing how much the condition interferes with the quality of life of an individual. Objective The aim of the present study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Skarzynski Tinnitus Scale (STS) into Brazilian Portuguese and validate its psychometric properties. Methods The STS was translated and cross-culturally adapted using five main steps. Fifty-eight individuals who had continuous tinnitus were invited to complete the questionnaire. Pure tone audiometry (air and bone conduction) were also done. Results No major changes were necessary in translating the scale. The overall score was 1.3 (range 0-4). Internal consistency was tested by Cronbach α, which ranged from 0.54 to 0.85. Differences between genders and between subscales and the total score were not significant. A statistically significant difference was only found in the coping subscale, in which normal hearing subjects had higher scores than those with hearing loss. Conclusion The translation and adaptation of the STS established linguistic and cultural equivalence with the original. In addition, it exhibited good internal consistency. Our results suggest that the STS is suitable for use in a clinical setting.
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Abstract Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem. In Brazil, the incidence and prevalence rates of dialysis CKD progressively increase, but the transition process is a challenge for patients and caregivers in coping with the disease. Dialysis urgency, lack of planned access or prior knowledge of treatment is a reality for most. Guidelines recommend that treatment options should include the conscious preference of a fully informed patient. However, pre-dialysis educational information is an exception, leading to a large number of unplanned initial dialysis. The original study "Empowering Patients on Choices for Renal Replacement Therapy" (EPOCH-RRT) aimed to identify patient priorities and gaps in shared decision-making about dialysis, using structured interviews with questions about demographics, clinical history and patients' perception of their health. The goal of this study was to carry out the translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the questionnaires used in the EPOCH-RRT Study for the Brazilian context. Method: This is a methodological study that consisted of the initial translation, synthesis of the translations, back translation, review by a committee of experts, pre-test and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the instrument. All ethical precepts were followed. Results: The questionnaires were translated, adapted and validated for the Brazilian context. Additionally, it was applied to 84 chronic renal patients on hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and outpatients. Discussion: There is a lack of an educational-therapeutic approach aimed at patients with CKD, and the EPOCH-RRT questionnaire can be a tool for Brazilian dialysis services to change this paradigm.
Resumo Introdução: A doença renal crônica (DRC) é um problema de saúde pública mundial. No Brasil, as taxas de incidência e prevalência da DRC dialítica aumentam progressivamente, mas o processo de transição apresenta-se como desafio para pacientes e cuidadores no enfrentamento da doença. Urgência dialítica, ausência de acesso planejado ou conhecimento prévio do tratamento é uma realidade para a maioria. Diretrizes recomendam que opções de tratamento devam incluir a preferência consciente de um paciente totalmente informado. No entanto, informação educacional pré-diálise é exceção, acarretando grande número de diálises iniciais não planejadas. O estudo original "Empowering Patients on Choices for Renal Replacement Therapy" (EPOCH-RRT) teve por objetivo identificar as prioridades do paciente e as lacunas na tomada de decisões compartilhadas sobre a diálise, utilizando entrevistas estruturadas, com questões sobre dados demográficos, história clínica e percepção dos pacientes sobre sua saúde. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar a tradução, adaptação transcultural e validação dos questionários utilizados no Estudo EPOCH-RRT para o contexto brasileiro. Método: Trata-se de estudo metodológico que consistiu na tradução inicial, síntese das traduções, retro tradução, revisão por um comitê de especialistas, pré-teste e avaliação das propriedades psicométricas do instrumento. Todos os preceitos éticos foram seguidos. Resultados: Os questionários foram traduzidos, adaptados e validados para o contexto brasileiro. Adicionalmente, foi aplicado em 84 pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise, diálise peritoneal e ambulatoriais. Discussão: Há carência de enfoque educativo-terapêutico dirigido aos pacientes com DRC, e o questionário EPOCH-RRT pode ser uma ferramenta para serviços de diálise brasileiros mudarem esse paradigma.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is defined as a slow, progressive, and apparently inevitable process of involuntary loss of muscle mass, strength, and quality, which occurs with advancing age. It is widely accepted that sarcopenia can directly affect quality of life. OBJECTIVE: Translate, adapt and validate the "Sarcopenia and Quality of Life" instrument (SarQoL) to the Brazilian context. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation study carried out at the Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: The population consisted of 221 older adult participants. The steps recommended by the guidelines from the authors of the original instrument were followed sequentially: initial translation, synthesis of translations, backward translation, evaluation by a panel of judges, pre-test, and analysis of psychometric properties. The translation and adaptation process was conducted as recommended. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-one participants took part in the step analysis of the psychometric properties of SarQoL, in which 55 presented sarcopenia. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the total SarQoL questionnaire was 0.976, indicating excellent internal consistency. Excellent agreements between the test and retest with an Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.983 (95% confidence interval: 0.901-0.996) were observed in the SarQoL domains. The domains of Short-Form 36 and EuroQoL 5-dimension showed significant correlation, from moderate to strong magnitude, with SarQoL total score, indicating convergent validity. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of SarQoL presented evidence of reliability and validity.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to translate, culturally adapt and validate the Multidimensional Individual and Interpersonal Resilience Measure to Brazilian Portuguese. Method: after initial translation, the pre-final version underwent rigorous cultural adaptation procedures. As a result, the final adapted version was submitted to a validity study. Results: adaptation procedures provided equivalence between the pre-final and the original versions in semantic, idiomatic, experiential and conceptual terms. A total of 187 older adults were included in the validity study. Exploratory factorial analysis (EFA) generated a model of five factors ((RMSEA = 0.030; TLI = 0.959; X2 = 151.590 p> 0.05). Final version showed adequate consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.705) and test-retest reliability (ICC=0.835). No statistically significant correlation was found between resilience and sociodemographic and epidemiological variables assessed in this study. Conclusion: EMRII-BR is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring resilience in Brazilian older adults.
RESUMO Objetivo: traduzir, adaptar culturalmente e validar o Multidimensional Individual and Interpersonal Resilience Measure para o português brasileiro. Método: após a tradução inicial, a versão pré-final passou por rigorosos procedimentos de adaptação cultural. Como resultado, a versão final adaptada foi submetida a um estudo de validade. Resultados: os procedimentos de adaptação proporcionaram equivalência entre as versões pré-final e original em termos semânticos, idiomáticos, experienciais e conceituais. Um total de 187 idosos foram incluídos no estudo de validade. A análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) gerou um modelo de cinco fatores ((RMSEA = 0,030; TLI = 0,959; X2 = 151,590 p> 0,05). A versão final apresentou consistência adequada (α de Cronbach = 0,705) e confiabilidade teste-reteste (ICC=0,835). Não foi encontrada correlação estatisticamente significativa entre a resiliência e as variáveis sociodemográficas e epidemiológicas avaliadas neste estudo. Conclusão: o EMRII-BR é um instrumento válido e confiável para mensurar a resiliência em idosos brasileiros.
RESUMEN Objetivo: traducir, adaptar culturalmente y validar el Multidimensional Individual and Interpersonal Resilience Measure para el portugués brasileño. Método: después de la traducción inicial, la versión pre-final pasó por rigurosos procedimientos de adaptación cultural. Como resultado, la versión final adaptada fue sometida a un estudio de validez. Resultados: los procedimientos de adaptación proporcionaron equivalencia entre las versiones pre-final y original en términos semánticos, idiomáticos, experienciales y conceptuales. Un total de 187 ancianos fueron incluidos en el estudio de validez. El análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) generó un modelo de cinco factores ((RMSEA = 0,030; TLI = 0,959; X2 = 151,590 p> 0,05). La versión final mostró adecuada consistencia (α de Cronbach = 0,705) y confiabilidad prueba-reprueba (ICC=0,835). No se encontró correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la resiliencia y las variables sociodemográficas y epidemiológicas evaluadas en este estudio. Conclusión: EMRII-BR es un instrumento válido y confiable para medir la resiliencia en ancianos brasileños.
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RESUMO A 11a Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde representa um avanço no enfoque do conhecimento e em novas abordagens das doenças. A Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde é utilizada para diferentes finalidades práticas, possibilitando avaliação do avanço da agenda de saúde global, alocação de recursos, segurança do paciente, qualificação da assistência à saúde e reembolso de seguros de saúde. É inteiramente digital, com recursos tecnológicos que permitem sua atualização periódica. No início de 2022, a 11a Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde entrou em vigência oficial, tendo sido disponibilizada em vários de seus idiomas oficiais, como o árabe, chinês, espanhol, francês e inglês. Apresenta-se aqui o processo de tradução para a língua portuguesa em uso no Brasil, coordenado pela Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, com apoio do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil e da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde. O trabalho foi realizado em três etapas entre agosto de 2021 e dezembro de 2022 por tradutores com diferentes formações: médicos especialistas (49), fisioterapeuta (1), farmacologista (1) e odontologista (1). Com este artigo metodológico, almeja-se ampliar a discussão de perspectivas para implementação da 11a Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde no Brasil e construir uma oportunidade para sua adaptação e uso por outros países de língua oficial portuguesa.
ABSTRACT The 11th International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) represents an advance in the focus on knowledge and new disease approaches. The ICD is used for different practical purposes, enabling assessment of progress in the global health agenda, resource allocation, patient safety, health care qualification, and health insurance reimbursement. It is entirely digital, with technological resources that allow periodic updating. In early 2022, ICD-11 entered into official force, having been made available in several official ICD languages such as Arabic, Chinese, Spanish, French, and English. The translation process into Brazilian Portuguese, coordinated by the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), with support from the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MS) and PAHO/WHO, is presented here. The work was carried out in three stages between August 2021 and December 2022 by translators with different backgrounds: medical specialists (49), physiotherapists (1), pharmacologists (1), and dentists (1). This methodological article aims to broaden the discussion of perspectives on implementing the ICD-11 in Brazil and build an opportunity for its adaptation and use by other Portuguese-speaking countries.
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Resumo Introdução A ruminação relacionada ao trabalho se refere aos pensamentos relativos aos diversos aspectos do trabalho que ocorrem nos períodos de folga. Objetivo Descrever o processo de adaptação transcultural da escala de ruminação relacionada ao trabalho para o contexto brasileiro (B-WRRS) e analisar suas propriedades psicométricas. Método Foi realizada a tradução, retrotradução e avaliação psicométrica inicial de uma escala composta por 15 itens e três dimensões, onde a B-WRRS foi testada em 173 trabalhadores de cargos administrativos de uma instituição pública. Para a avaliação da validade dimensional, iniciou-se com a análise fatorial confirmatória, tendo como base o modelo original proposto pelos autores da escala. Foi realizada também a análise fatorial exploratória, utilizando o Mplus. Resultados A adaptação da escala cumpriu as etapas de avaliação da equivalência conceitual, de itens, semântica e operacional, apresentando grande aceitabilidade e compreensão por parte dos respondentes. A avaliação da estrutura fatorial da B-WRRS corroborou a tridimensionalidade da escala. Conclusão Por ser simples e rápido, o preenchimento da B-WRRS se destaca como promissor para o uso no ambiente de trabalho. O processo de adaptação transcultural do instrumento não apresentou divergências conceituais nem semânticas. Entretanto, as diferenças observadas na composição das dimensões indicam a necessidade de novas avaliações psicométricas para estabelecer a equivalência funcional da B-WRRS.
Abstract Background The work-related rumination scale refers to thoughts related to various aspects of work that occur during periods of rest. Objective To describe the transcultural adaptation process of the work-related rumination scale to the Brazilian context (B-WRRS), and to analyze psychometric properties. Method Translation, back-translation, and initial psychometric evaluation of the scale, which comprised 15 items and 3 dimensions, were performed. B-WRRS was tested on a sample of 173 administrative staff at a public institution. To evaluate the dimensional validity, the confirmatory factor analysis was tested based on the original model proposed by the authors of the scale. Exploratory factor analysis was also performed using Mplus. Results The transcultural adaptation of the scale fulfilled the steps of assessment of conceptual, item, semantic, and operational equivalence, showing acceptability and understanding by the respondents. The evaluation of the factorial structure of B-WRRS corroborated the three-dimensionality of the scale. Conclusion The simple and quick filling of the scale highlights that the use of B-WRRS in the work environment is promising. The process of cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument did not present conceptual or semantic divergences. However, the differences observed in the composition of the dimensions indicate the need for new psychometric assessments to establish the functional equivalence of B-WRRS.
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Abstract Objective: To translate and culturally adapt the scales Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC) and Pediatric Overall Performance Category (POPC) to the Brazilian population. Methods: Two English language proficient professionals independently translated the original version of the scales into Brazilian Portuguese. After consensus, it was generated a translated version of each scale. These were back translated into English by two native English translators. A new consensus process resulted in an English version of each scale, which were compared with the originals and approved by the author. A committee of experts with clinical and academic experience in intensive care checked the validity of the content and produced the pre-final versions of the scales, which were tested by 25 professionals from a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. An audit was conducted to verify the consistency of the methodological process. Results: The pre-final versions were approved by 96% of the Brazilian professionals. No significant changes were made to the content of the instrument; however, it was identified the need of a guide with instructions on how to use the scales. Conclusions: The process of translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the scales was completed and resulted in PCPC-BR and POPC-BR scales.
Resumo Objetivo: Traduzir e adaptar culturalmente as escalas Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category e Pediatric Overall Performance Category para a população brasileira. Métodos: Dois tradutores proficientes na língua inglesa traduziram, independentemente, as versões originais das escalas para o português brasileiro. Após consenso, gerou-se uma versão traduzida de cada escala. Estas foram retrotraduzidas para o inglês por dois tradutores nativos da língua inglesa. Um novo consenso resultou em novas versões em inglês de cada escala, que foram confrontadas com as originais e receberam a aprovação da autora. Uma comissão de especialistas com experiência clínica e acadêmica em terapia intensiva verificou a validade de conteúdo e gerou as versões pré-finais das escalas, que foram testadas por 25 profissionais de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica. Uma auditoria foi realizada para verificar a consistência do processo metodológico. Resultados: As versões pré-finais foram aprovadas por 96% dos profissionais brasileiros. Não foram necessárias mudanças importantes no conteúdo do instrumento, entretanto observou-se a necessidade da criação de um guia com instruções sobre a aplicação das escalas. Conclusões: O processo de tradução e adaptação cultural das escalas foi concluído e resultou nas escalas PCPC-BR e POPC-BR.
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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE This study has as objective the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Model Disability Survey (MDS), a World Health Organization instrument that provides comprehensive information on disability/functioning, for Brazil. METHODS This is a cross-sectional methodological study, carried out through five stages - initial translation, synthesis of translations, reverse translation, review by a specialist committee, and pre-test -, considering properties such as semantic, idiomatic, experimental, and conceptual equivalence. Translators, researchers, a mediating team, health professionals, a methodologist and a language specialist were needed to pass through the stages. Statistical analysis was produced from absolute and relative frequencies, measures of central tendency and dispersion, normality tests and content validity index (CVI) > 0.80. RESULTS The MDS has 474 items, which generated 1,896 analyzes of equivalence. Of these, 160 items had a CVI < 0.80 in at least one of the four types of equivalence and required adjustments. After adaptations and approval by the judges, the pre-final version went on to the pre-test with 30 participants from four regions of the Brazilian Northeast. Regarding this sample, 83.3% are women, single, with an average age of 33.7 years (SD 18.8), self-declared as black or brown, active workers, with technical education and living with three residents. Interviews lasted 123 minutes on average, where 127 health conditions were mentioned, and the most frequent cited were anxiety and back pain. Answers were analyzed and 63 items were cited as needing some adjustment, two of which were submitted for analysis by the committee because they presented a CVI < 0.80. The instrument, guide and presentation cards were adjusted after a new pre-test. CONCLUSIONS The MDS was translated and cross-culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese and showed adequate content validity.
RESUMO OBJETIVO Traduzir e adaptar transculturalmente o Model Disability Survey (MDS), instrumento da Organização Mundial da Saúde que fornece informações abrangentes a respeito de deficiência/funcionalidade, para o Brasil. MÉTODOS Trata-se de um estudo metodológico de corte transversal, realizado por meio de cinco etapas - tradução inicial, síntese das traduções, retrotradução, revisão por comitê de especialistas e pré-teste -, considerando propriedades como equivalência semântica, idiomática, experimental e conceitual. Para realização das etapas foram necessários tradutores, pesquisadores, equipe mediadora, profissionais da saúde, metodologista e especialista em idiomas. A análise estatística foi produzida a partir de frequências absolutas e relativas, medidas de tendência central e dispersão, testes de normalidade e índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC) > 0,80. RESULTADOS O instrumento MDS apresenta 474 itens, o que gerou 1.896 análises de equivalências. Destes, 160 itens apresentaram IVC < 0,80 em pelo menos uma das quatro equivalências e necessitaram de ajustes. Após adequações e aprovação dos juízes, a versão pré-final seguiu para o pré-teste com 30 participantes, de quatro regiões do Nordeste brasileiro. Desta amostra, 83,3% são mulheres, solteiras, com idade média de 33,7 (DP 18,8) anos, autodeclaradas pretas ou pardas, trabalhadoras ativas, com escolaridade a partir do ensino técnico e que residiam com três moradores. O tempo médio das entrevistas foi de 123 minutos de duração. Foram mencionadas 127 condições de saúde, sendo as mais frequentes ansiedade e dores nas costas. As respostas foram analisadas e 63 itens foram citados como necessitando de algum ajuste, sendo dois destes encaminhados para análise pelo comitê por possuírem IVC < 0,80. O instrumento, manual e cartões de apresentação foram ajustados após um novo pré-teste. CONCLUSÕES O MDS foi traduzido e adaptado transculturalmente para o português brasileiro e apresentou adequada validade de conteúdo.
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Translations , Cross-Cultural Comparison , International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Disability EvaluationABSTRACT
Abstract This study aimed to translate and to perform the cultural adaptation of the instrument Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised for Dental (IPQ-RD) into Brazilian Portuguese. The IPQ-RD consists of 34 items that assess the cognitive and emotional representation/perception of parents/caregivers of children with dental caries, with response options on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from "Strongly agree" (score 1) to "Strongly disagree" (score 5). The higher the score, the lower the perception of the disease. The protocol consists of translation into Brazilian Portuguese, back-translation into English, revision by an Expert Review Committee, and pre-test (application in parents/caregivers of children in dental care). For some questions, the translated versions were identical (T1 = T2); for others, one version was preferred (T1 or T2); for still others, it was decided to modify terms to obtain greater clarity on the item (T3). In the first pre-test, three questions were misunderstood by more than 15% of the sample, after which the items were reviewed by the Expert Review Committee. In the second pre-test, the adapted version was applied to a new sample of parents/caregivers (n = 15) and the questions were understood by more than 85% of the participants. The Brazilian Portuguese version of the IPQ-RD was well understood by the evaluated population.
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Resumo Objetivo Traduzir, adaptar transculturalmente e validar o conteúdo do Treatment Summary and Survivorship Care Plan (TSSCP-S) para sobreviventes brasileiras de câncer de mama. Métodos Estudo metodológico, quantitativo, executado de acordo com as etapas de tradução, compatibilização e retrotradução, construção de consenso de opiniões de um grupo de especialistas para a validação de conteúdo, de acordo com a Técnica Delphi e avaliação do usuário. Resultados O plano traduzido e adaptado transculturalmente foi avaliado por 10 profissionais, entre estes, enfermeiros, médicos, psicológos, nutricionista e fisioterapeuta, possuidores de titulação, produção científica, conhecimento e tempo de atuação na temática e o consenso foi obtido em duas rodadas. O instrumento apresentou coeficiente de validade de conteúdo de 83,3% na segunda rodada da Delphi. Na avaliação dos domínios conteúdo, clareza, utilidade, responsividade cultural e socioecológica, a concordância foi de 93,3%. O perfil sóciodemográfico e clínico das usuárias foi heterogêneo, contribuindo para os ajustes culturais necessários, com consenso final de 93,9%. Conclusão O plano de cuidados foi traduzido para o português do Brasil, adaptado transculturalmente e seus conteúdos foram validados, considerando as políticas de saúde nacionais.
Resumen Objetivo Traducir, adaptar transculturalmente y validar el contenido del Treatment Summary and Survivorship Care Plan (TSSCP-S) para sobrevivientes brasileñas de cáncer de mama. Métodos Estudio metodológico, cuantitativo, ejecutado de acuerdo con las etapas de traducción, compatibilización y retrotraducción, construcción de consenso de opiniones de un grupo de especialistas para la validación de contenido, de acuerdo con el método Delphi y evaluación del usuario. Resultados El plan traducido y adaptado transculturalmente fue evaluado por diez profesionales, entre ellos enfermeros, médicos, psicólogos, nutricionista y fisioterapeuta, con titulación académica, producción científica, conocimiento y tiempo de actuación en la temática, y el consenso se obtuvo en dos rondas. El instrumento presentó un coeficiente de validez de contenido del 83,3 % en la segunda ronda de Delphi. En la evaluación de los dominios contenido, claridad, utilidad, responsividad cultural y socioecológica, la concordancia fue del 93,3 %. El perfil sociodemográfico y clínico de las usuarias fue heterogéneo, lo que contribuye a los ajustes culturales necesarios, con consenso final del 93,9 %. Conclusión El plan de cuidados fue traducido al portugués de Brasil, adaptado transculturalmente y sus contenidos fueron validados, considerando las políticas sanitarias nacionales.
Abstract Objective To translate, cross-culturally adapt and validate the content of the Treatment Summary and Survivorship Care Plan (TSSCP-S) for Brazilian breast cancer survivors. Methods Methodological, quantitative study performed according to the steps of translation, compatibility and back-translation, construction of consensus of opinions in a group of experts for content validation, according to the Delphi technique and user evaluation. Results The translated and cross-culturally adapted plan was evaluated by ten professionals, including nurses, physicians, psychologists, nutritionists and physical therapists with a degree, scientific production, knowledge and time working on the subject. Consensus was obtained in two rounds. The instrument presented a content validity coefficient of 83.3% in the second round of Delphi. In the evaluation of content, clarity, usefulness, cultural and socioecological responsiveness domains, agreement was 93.3%. The sociodemographic and clinical profile of users was heterogeneous, contributing to the necessary cultural adjustments, with a final consensus of 93.9%. Conclusion The care plan was translated into Brazilian Portuguese, cross-culturally adapted and its contents were validated considering national health policies.
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Abstract Objective: To translate and perform the cross-cultural adaption of the CD:H scale for use in Paediatric Dentistry in Brazilian Portuguese language. Material and Methods: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the CD: H was carried out in four stages: 1) translation of the instrument; 2) reverse translation (back translation); 3) cross-cultural adaptation, and 4) face validation. Face validation consisted of the evaluation of 30 subjects from the target population. A pilot study was conducted with 15 children aged 5-10 years treated at a university dental clinic and their drawings were analysed by two dentists. Data were analysed using Stata 12.0. Results: In the face validation, most items were understood; however, some words were changed, and terms were included to identify the dental environment. Good reproducibility was obtained: inter-examiner reliability was 0.9647 and intra-examiner reliability was 0.9619 for examiner A and 0.8260 for examiner B. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the CD:H scale is a useful tool for dentists, helping identify children's emotions and being enjoyable for them.
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Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Translating , Dental Anxiety , Pediatric Dentistry , Emotions , Brazil , Pilot Projects , Cross-Cultural ComparisonABSTRACT
Background: Regular exercise and proper exercise are two important measures that can control obesity reduce the chances of metabolic disease and promote a healthy life. Many a time, exercise may not be suitable for some individuals. For screening, a Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) is used. However, it is not available in Odia, a language spoken in Odisha, India. Aim and Objective: This study aimed to adapt the PAR-Q linguistically in Odia according to guidelines laid by the World Health Organization. Materials and Methods: The English questionnaire was forward translated from English to Odia by three bilingual experts and a consensus was reached to make a final Odia version. Then, the Odia version was back-translated to English by three language experts and a consensus was reached to form a final back-translated version. Then, the conceptual equivalence was checked between the two versions for finalizing the Odia version. Then, the questionnaire was pre-tested and cognitive interview was conducted. Results: We have successfully forward translated and back-translated the PAR-Q. The Odia version and back-translated English version showed an acceptable level of equivalence by two individual raters with an acceptable level of agreement. The Odia PAR-Q was successfully pre-tested. Conclusion: We have linguistically translated the PAR-Q in Odia. This questionnaire can be used for screening individuals for their fitness for enrolling and engaging in exercise. This questionnaire would help sports authorities as well as paramedical staff in screening Odia speaking subjects who are not comfortable with English.
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Resumen La incertidumbre es inherente al accionar médico y su manejo inadecuado puede tener consecuencias negativas. La escala Physicians´ Reactions to Uncertainty (PRU) se utiliza para cuantificar tolerancia a la incertidumbre en médicos. El presente trabajo se propuso realizar la traducción al español, adap tación cultural y validación de la escala PRU. Como segundo objetivo, comparar los resultados obtenidos en la escala PRU según género, años de egreso y especialidad (clínica vs. quirúrgica). Los pasos seguidos fueron: traducción del cuestionario al español, revisión por comité, retrotraducción, revisión de las retrotraducciones y realización de la prueba piloto. La selección de la población se realizó por muestreo aleatorio. Se utilizó el test T de Student para comparar los subgrupos, considerando significativa una p ≤ 0.05. Se calculó la confiabilidad por α-Cronbach. De 116 médicos seleccionados, 106 respondieron la encuesta (91%). No se encontró diferencia significativa en ninguna subescala según género. Los médicos con menos de 10 años de egresados mostraron significativamente mayor reticencia a revelar los errores a los médicos (p = 0.0001). Los médicos de especialidades quirúrgicas obtuvieron puntajes significativamente mayores en la subescala Reticencia a revelar incertidumbre al paciente (p = 0.0047). El promedio del α-Cronbach fue de 0.78. Estos hallazgos indican que la reticencia a revelar incertidumbre y errores es mayor en médicos jóvenes y de especialidades quirúrgicas. Contar con esta información y con un instrumento validado puede ser de utilidad para estudiar la incertidumbre en médicos en Latinoamérica e impulsar estrategias para ayudar a manejarla apropiadamente.
Abstract Uncertainty is present in every medical activity and its inadequate manage ment may have negative consequences. The Physicians´ Reactions to Uncertainty (PRU) scale is used to quantify tolerance to uncertainty in medical doctors. Our objective was to carry out the translation into Spanish, cultural adaptation and validation of the PRU scale. The second objective was to compare the results in the PRU scale according to gender, years since graduation and specialty (surgical vs. clinical). The steps followed were: translation into Spanish, review by the committee, back translation, review of the back translations and conduct of the pilot test. The study population was chosen randomly. The Student´s T test was used to compare the scores in the sub-groups, considering of statistical significance a p value of ≤ 0.05. The α-Cronbach was calculated to establish its reliability. Of 116 physicians, 106 answered the survey (91%). No meaningful difference was found in any of the subscales according to gender. Physicians with less than 10 years since graduation showed significantly greater reluctance to disclose mistakes to physicians (p = 0.0001). Surgical specialty physicians got significantly greater scores in the subscale Reluctance to disclose uncertainty to patients (p = 0.0047). The α-Cronbach average value was 0.78. These findings indicate that younger physicians and surgical specialists have greater reluctance to disclose uncertainty and mistakes. Having this information and a validated tool can be helpful to study uncertainty in medical doctors in Latin America and drive strategies to appropriately deal with it.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: The Hip Sports Activity Scale (HSAS) is a reliable and valid tool for determining the levels of sports activities among patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). OBJECTIVE: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the HSAS to the Brazilian Portuguese language. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the State University of Rio de Janeiro. METHODS: The Brazilian version of the HSAS was developed following a process that comprised six steps: translation, synthesis, back-translation, review by committee, pretesting and submission of documentation to the developers. The translation phase involved three independent bilingual translators whose mother language was Brazilian Portuguese. The back-translation phase involved three independent translators whose mother language was English. In order to verify comprehension of the questionnaire, 30 undergraduate students in physical education (65% men), with mean age 23.2 years (standard deviation = 6.8), participated in the pre-testing phase. RESULTS: During the translation step, some terms and expressions were changed to obtain cultural equivalence to the original HSAS. In the pre-testing phase, each item of the scale showed a comprehension level of 100%. CONCLUSION: The HSAS was translated from English to the Brazilian Portuguese language and adapted to Brazilian culture. The HSAS validation is ongoing.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Translations , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Compared with traditional drug therapy, nanomedicines exhibit intriguing biological features to increase therapeutic efficiency, reduce toxicity and achieve targeting delivery. This review provides a snapshot of nanomedicines that have been currently launched or in the clinical trials, which manifests a diversified trend in carrier types, applied indications and mechanisms of action. From the perspective of indications, this article presents an overview of the applications of nanomedicines involving the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, which include cancer, infections, blood disorders, cardiovascular diseases, immuno-associated diseases and nervous system diseases, etc. Moreover, the review provides some considerations and perspectives in the research and development of nanomedicines to facilitate their translations in clinic.
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RESUMO Objetivo Realizar a equivalência cultural da versão brasileira da escala SSRS, por meio de sua adaptação cultural e linguística. Método Após tradução da SSRS para o português brasileiro e retro tradução para o inglês, os itens foram comparados com o instrumento original. As discrepâncias existentes foram modificadas por consenso por um comitê de fonoaudiólogos, resultando na Escala de Reinvestimento Específico na Fala - EREF. A EREF tem 39 questões e seis alternativas na chave de resposta: "discordo totalmente", "discordo", "discordo ligeiramente", "concordo ligeiramente", "concordo" e "concordo totalmente". A pontuação é a soma das pontuações médias de cada subdimensão da escala, sendo que os itens negativos não entram na contabilidade ou exigem pontuação reversa. Para a equivalência cultural, a EREF foi aplicada em um total de 74 profissionais em exercício de atividade envolvendo comunicação com público, falantes do português brasileiro como primeira língua, com acréscimo da opção "não aplicável" na chave de respostas, para identificação de questões não compreendidas ou não apropriadas para a população alvo e cultura brasileira. Resultados A escala foi inicialmente aplicada em 56 participantes. Treze encontraram dificuldade para o preenchimento de 27 questões. Após a adaptação da tradução das sentenças não compreendidas ou consideradas inapropriadas, a EREF modificada foi aplicada em mais 13 respondentes e não foram encontradas barreiras culturais e/ou conceituais. Conclusão Foi verificada equivalência cultural entre a SSRS e sua versão traduzida para o português brasileiro, a EREF. As próximas etapas para validação da EREF para o Português Brasileiro serão realizadas com a conclusão desta fase.
ABSTRACT Purpose To present the cross-cultural equivalence of the Brazilian version of the Specific Reinvestment Scale in Speech - SRRS through its cultural and linguistic adaptation. Methods After the SSRS was translated into Brazilian Portuguese, the back-translation was done and the items were compared. Discrepancies were modified by consensus of a committee of SLPs. The SSRS, named "Escala de Reinvestimento Específico na Fala - EREF", has 39 questions and six alternatives in the answer key: "strongly disagree", "disagree", "slightly disagree", "slightly agree", "agree" and "strongly agree". The mean score is computed by the sum of each subdimension. Negative items may not be included in the EREF scoring or need reversed coding process before using them. For cultural equivalence, the EREF was applied to a total of 74 professionals working in an activity involving communication with the public, speakers of Brazilian Portuguese as a first language, with an extra item in the answer key - "not applicable" - to identify issues that might not have been understood or were not appropriate for the target population and Brazilian culture. Results The scale was initially applied to 56 participants, thirteen of whom found it difficult to complete 27 questions. After adaptation of those sentences, the modified EREF was applied to 13 more participants and no further cultural and / or conceptual barriers were found. Conclusion Cultural equivalence between the SSRS and its translated version to Brazilian Portuguese - EREF was verified. The next steps for the EREF validation for Brazilian Portuguese will be carried out.
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Este trabalho aborda um detalhe da tradução (Standard) do título de um importante artigo de Freud - "Sobre o narcisismo: uma introdução" -, procurando demonstrar como um pequeno deslize em sua tradução resultou em prejuízos consideráveis para seu entendimento. Inicialmente, são apresentadas as críticas à tradução da Edição standard das obras psicológicas completas de Sigmund Freud e, em seguida, um breve histórico do conceito de narcisismo na obra de Freud, com base no qual pretende-se demonstrar como o narcisismo renovou a teoria da libido.
This work deals with a detail of the (Standard) translation of the title of an important article by Freud - "On narcissism: an introduction" -, trying to demonstrate how a small slip in his translation resulted in considerable damage to his understanding. Initially, criticisms to the translation of the Standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud are presented, and then, a brief history of the concept of narcissism in Freud's work, from which it is intended to demonstrate how narcissism renewed the libido theory.
Este trabajo trata un detalle de la traducción (Standard) del título de un importante artículo de Freud - "Introducción al narcisismo" -, tratando de demostrar cómo un pequeño desliz en su traducción resultó en un daño considerable a su comprensión. Inicialmente se presentan críticas a la traducción de la Edición standard de las obras psicológicas completas de Sigmund Freud y, luego, una breve historia del concepto de narcisismo en la obra de Freud, a partir de la cual se pretende demostrar cómo el narcisismo renovó la teoría de la libido.
Cet ouvrage traite d'un détail de la traduction (Standard) du titre d'un article important de Freud - « Sur le narcissisme: une introduction ¼ -, en essayant de démontrer comment une petite erreur dans sa traduction a causé des dommages considérables à sa compréhension. Dans un premier temps, des critiques de la traduction de l'Édition standard des uvres psychologiques complètes de Sigmund Freud sont présentées, puis une brève histoire du concept de narcissisme dans l'uvre de Freud, à partir de laquelle il est destiné à démontrer comment le narcissisme a renouvelé la théorie de la libido.